How John Adams Shaped Presidential Customs for Modern America [Video]
I pray Heaven to bestow the best of Blessings on this House and all that shall hereafter inhabit it. May none but honest and wise Men ever rule under this roof.
-John Adams
On a bright morning in June 2024, at the ALA Annual Conference in San Diego, California, to an audience of librarians, Lindsay Chervinsky, Executive Director of the George Washington Presidential Library, presented "Making the Presidency: How John Adams Created Presidential Customs for the Twenty-First Century."
Based on Chervinsky's forthcoming and timely book, the lively talk examines the role of John Adams in laying the groundwork for American presidential traditions that persist today.
Chervinsky explores the constitutional context, significant decisions, challenges Adams faced during his presidency, and how his actions defined the office for generations.
Watch the full presentation.
The Constitutional Framework and the "Fuzzy Bits"
Chervinsky sets the stage for the Adams presidency by explaining the sparse provisions for the office in the U.S. Constitution or the "fuzzy bits" left by the Framers. George Washington began the task of defining the presidency setting precedents such as serving only two terms and being addressed as "Mr. President."
Adams continued the daunting task of establishing norms and practices that future presidents would follow. And he understood that his primary responsibility was not just to uphold those precedents but to show that the office was bigger than any single person, including Washington.
The XYZ Affair and Peace Efforts
One of the most critical moments during Adams' presidency was the XYZ Affair.
Adams' diplomatic strategy focused on neutrality despite the pressure to go to war. His commitment to neutrality ultimately resulted in the Treaty of Mortefontaine, solidifying peace between the U.S. and France.
This was a crucial move in proving that the American presidency could prioritize long-term national interests over immediate political gain.
Challenges Within the Federalist Party
Adams also had to contend with internal party conflicts. His cabinet, largely composed of holdovers from Washington's administration, was more loyal to Alexander Hamilton than to him.
This led to clashes over foreign policy and military expansion. Adams' efforts to assert control culminated in his decision to fire disloyal cabinet members like Timothy Pickering, establishing the president's authority over the executive branch.
The Peaceful Transition of Power
Adams' handling of the 1800 election crisis, where a deadlock in the Electoral College nearly led to violence, further defined his legacy. He chose restraint, even though it meant losing to Thomas Jefferson.
By prioritizing institutional integrity over personal ambition, Adams ensured that the presidency could thrive beyond his tenure.
Fill in the "fuzzy bits," and watch the full video.
To watch previous ALA breakfast presentations hosted by Readex, visit our Events Talk page.